【翻譯練習】解讀狗狗毛色
Dog Coat Colours Explained
來源：http://www.pets4homes.co.uk/pet-advice/dog-coat-colours-explained.html
"The brown dog" is just about the most common descriptive that you will hear used to explain the coat colour of a dog, but dogs come in a whole rainbow spectrum of different coat colours and patterns that often come accompanied by unusual and exotic sounding names as well!
「小黑」、「小黃」、「小白」，相信您會聽到很多人用毛色當狗狗的名字，但實際上，狗狗的毛色與斑紋，類型與樣式十分眾多，還常有著與眾不同的怪異名號！
If you want to brush up on your knowledge of canine coat colour combinations and the proper terms to refer to different shades and mixes of colour on dogs, we’ve got you covered. Read on to learn about all of the main dog coat colour terms and what they mean.
若想溫習一下你所知道的不同狗狗毛色，並重新熟悉各種狗狗毛色的正確用詞，看這篇就對了。以下將介紹狗狗所有主要毛色的用詞及意義。
Basic colours
基本毛色
Many of these are self-explanatory!
很多用詞本身就是一種顏色！
● Brown: "Brown" can range from a bright mahogany colour to a darker liver colouration, and everything in between!
棕色：「棕色」的範圍，涵括亮紅棕色到深栗色、以及這二種顏色之間的各種棕色色調！
● Chocolate: Think chocolate Labrador! Chocolate is a rich, luxurious mid brown shade that is one of the most commonly seen Labrador Retriever coat colours.
巧克力色(咖啡色)：想想巧克力拉布拉多的樣子就知道了！巧克力色是一種層次豐富、醇厚華麗的棕色中間值，也是最常見的拉布拉多毛色之一。
● Red: Red can come in shades from a bright auburn or flame colour, right the way through rust, red-gold, cherry, chestnut or red mahogany.
紅色：紅色的色調，從亮赭色或火紅色開始，一路涵蓋紅鏽色、紅金色、櫻桃紅、栗色、或紅褐色。
● Ruby: Ruby is a rich, bright and opaque red colour, generally used to describe one of the four permitted colour variants of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
紅寶石色(深紅色)：紅寶石色的特點是層次豐富、明亮、不透明，經常用以形容查理斯王騎士犬的四種主要顏色之一。
● Yellow: Anything from a pale cream colour through to a deep goldish-yellow.
黃色：包括從淡奶油色到深金黃色之間的所有黃色色調。
● Gold: A bright, reflective colour ranging from a bright apricot to a rich red-tinged yellow. Most recognisable on the Golden Retriever!
金色：光輝明亮，閃閃動人，從亮杏黃色到微帶紅色的黃色，都屬於金色。瞧瞧黃金獵犬便能明白！
● Grey: Almost fifty shades! Grey can range from a pale, almost white colour to a deep, dark steel grey that appears almost black. Grey can also involve a flecked pattern of black and white, which upon closer inspection is clearly composed of mixed colours.
灰色：灰色還真的快要有50道陰影了！無論是將近全白的灰白色，或是深暗如全黑的鐵灰色，以及二者中間的灰色色調，皆納入灰色的範圍。灰色還包括一種黑白雜點的毛色，但其實仔細看的話，這種毛色之中混合了不同顏色。
● Blue: Blue is the term for a very specific shade of grey that is almost metallic in appearance, and comes about due to the dilution of the black colour pigment.
藍色：藍色用來稱呼一種非常特別的灰色色調，外觀呈現金屬色澤，由於黑色的混入而造成。
● Sable: Sable refers to a coat where the tips of the hair are black, but the colour along the rest of the hairs is grey, tan, gold or silver.
貂色：貂色代表的是狗毛只有前端是黑色，但前端以外的其他狗毛部份，則是灰色、棕褐色、金色、或銀色。
● White: White dogs are distinct from albino dogs, as the eye colour is blue, amber, brown or any other normal colour other than red/pink. The skin of white dogs can be either pink or grey.
白色：白狗不是白化症的狗，白狗的眼睛仍然是藍色、琥珀色、棕色、或其他正常顏色，但白化症的狗眼睛是紅色或粉紅色。白狗的皮膚可能是粉紅色或灰色。
● Albino: Albino is a white coat colour that comes accompanied with the other traits for albinism, such as pink/red eyes, and lack of pigment.
白化症：白化症的狗，除了毛色是白色以外，還伴隨著其他白化症現象，例如紅色或粉紅色的眼睛，以及缺乏色素沈澱。
● Buff: Buff is a pale yellow or dirty-looking cream colour with hints of yellow in it.
牛皮色(淺黃色)：可稱之為淺黃色，或帶有黃色的污濁奶油色。
● Self coloured: Self coloured is the term used to refer to a coat of any colour that is all the one colour without any patterning or mixture of colours such as outlined below.
單色：單色此詞，用以形容狗狗身上無斑紋、無雜色的任何單一毛色。
Coat colour combinations
混合毛色
When more than one colour is mixed within the coat of the dog, there are usually specific terms to refer to the subsequent colour mix!
只要狗狗的毛色超過一種顏色，就常會出現專有名詞來形容混合毛色！
● Bicolour: A bicolour coat consists of a mixture of two colours in clearly delineated patches.
雙色：雙色由二種顏色組合而成，狗狗身上的斑塊可明顯辨識出二種顏色。
● Particolour: A particolour coat consists of two colours where the two colours are present in roughly equal amounts and with an even distribution.
花色：花色有二種顏色，二種顏色所占毛色幾乎數量相當，且分佈平均。
● Tricolour: Tricolour dogs are dogs that have three distinct colours present in the coat, again in clearly delineated patches.
三色：狗狗有三種不同顏色，亦可從狗狗身上的斑塊明顯辨識出三種顏色。
● Brindle: Brindle colour is a mixture of black with either gold, tan or brown, which can either be present in a tiger pattern where the black element makes up lines, or a grizzled pattern where the pattern is a mixture. Around a third of Boxer dogs are brindle coloured.
虎斑：虎斑是黑色與金色、棕褐色、或棕色的混合。有時虎斑明顯呈現，毛色中的黑色部份，造成條紋的視覺效果；有時斑紋則較不明顯，混入整體毛色之中。約有三分之一的拳師犬為虎斑毛色。
● Roan: Roan is a pattern comprised of a “ticking” effect in the fur of the coat, where a base colour is liberally interspersed with hairs of another pattern. From a couple of feet away, the mixture of hairs will appear to blend to make the coat look like it is all one colour.
雜色：雜色這種樣式，像是狗狗身上被蓋了許多記號，意思是基本毛色之中四處散雜著另一種毛色樣式。從幾公尺以外看過去，原本混雜的毛色看起來融合在一起，彷彿變成單色。
● Harlequin: A harlequin pattern consists of black or brown patches on a white base, with the edges of the black not as clearly delineated as they would be in a bicolour coat pattern. The Dalmatian dog is the most well known example of a harlequin patterned dog.
小丑色：此種毛色以白色為基底，上方有黑色或棕色的色塊，但色塊邊緣並不像雙色毛色那般可明顯辨識。大麥町是小丑色毛色最具代表性的犬種。
● Merle: A merle coat is made up of a marbled pattern with darker patches and spots of colour blending into the second colour present.
大理石色：毛色具有大理石般的紋樣，其中顏色較深的色塊與斑點，融入第二層毛色。
● Tuxedo: The tuxedo pattern is mainly self explanatory, and consists of a dark main coat colour (usually black) with a solid patch of white across the chest, giving the dog the effect of wearing a tuxedo! There may also be white present on the feet.
男士晚禮服：晚禮服此種毛色，顧名思義，以深色為主要毛色(常為黑色)，胸前帶有一抹白色色塊，使得狗狗就像身穿男士晚禮服！狗狗的腳上也可能出現白色。
● Inverted tuxedo: The inverted tuxedo pattern is when the main coat is a light colour, with a “tuxedo” patch of darker hair on the chest, and possibly the feet.
反向晚禮服：主要毛色為淺色，而胸前「晚禮服」的部份則是深色色塊，腳部亦可能為深色。
● Blenheim: Blenheim pattern is a red and white bicolour mixture, as seen on some Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs.
布倫海姆：專指紅白雙色的毛色，是查理斯王騎士犬的常見毛色之一。
【註1】During the early part of the 18th century, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, kept red and white King Charles type spaniels for hunting. The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. Because of this influence, the red and white variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.
18世紀初，英國第一代馬爾博羅公爵，約翰．丘吉爾(John Churchill)，飼養紅白相間的查理斯王小獵犬作為狩獵之用，公爵曾記錄這些犬隻可追上奔馳的馬匹。他的莊園命名為布倫海姆，以紀念其於布倫海姆戰役中的偉大勝利，連帶使得紅白相間毛色的查理斯王小獵犬及改良品種查理斯王騎士犬，皆以「布倫海姆」為毛色之名。
資料來源：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier_King_Charles_Spaniel#History
【註2】「騎士」的由來：一名美國繁殖家培育出長面及平坦頭形的玩具獵犬，為了區分牠們，於是將鼻吻較長的在犬名前加上「騎士」，並在1996年獲得美國狗會正式接受牠們註冊。
資料來源：http://mypet.popart.hk/newver/newsinfo.php?pid=1722&title=騎士查理王小獵犬%20Cavalier%20King%20Charles%20Spaniel
● Domino: The domino pattern is exclusive to the Afghan Hound, and exhibits a specific mottling of the face and body colour.
多米諾遊戲棋：此種毛色專用以形容阿富汗獵犬，在其臉部及軀幹具有特殊的雜駁參差毛色。
【註1】Grizzle (also called domino) is a pattern of dark pigment (eumelanin) on the dorsal surface of the head, body and tops of the legs; light pigment (pheomelanin) is present on the lower legs, undersides and up the face around the eyes. The distinctive face pattern is often referred to as a widow’s peak. This variant has only been seen in Afghan and Saluki hounds.
雜駁毛色(或稱多米諾遊戲棋)樣式，狗狗頭部的側背面、軀幹、及腳部頂端為深色色素(真黑色素)；腳部底端、軀幹下側、臉部眼睛周圍，則是淺色色素(假黑色素，或稱褐黑素)。此種獨特樣式經常戲稱為美人尖。多米諾遊戲棋樣式僅見於薩路基獵犬與阿富汗獵犬。
資料來源：https://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/dog/mc1r.php
【註2】「多米諾遊戲棋」的由來：多米諾骨牌遊戲所使用的白底黑點或黑底白點小方塊。
資料來源：http://idognames.com/Name-2956-Domino.aspx
來源：http://www.pets4homes.co.uk/pet-advice/dog-coat-colours-explained.html
"The brown dog" is just about the most common descriptive that you will hear used to explain the coat colour of a dog, but dogs come in a whole rainbow spectrum of different coat colours and patterns that often come accompanied by unusual and exotic sounding names as well!
「小黑」、「小黃」、「小白」，相信您會聽到很多人用毛色當狗狗的名字，但實際上，狗狗的毛色與斑紋，類型與樣式十分眾多，還常有著與眾不同的怪異名號！
If you want to brush up on your knowledge of canine coat colour combinations and the proper terms to refer to different shades and mixes of colour on dogs, we’ve got you covered. Read on to learn about all of the main dog coat colour terms and what they mean.
若想溫習一下你所知道的不同狗狗毛色，並重新熟悉各種狗狗毛色的正確用詞，看這篇就對了。以下將介紹狗狗所有主要毛色的用詞及意義。
Basic colours
基本毛色
Many of these are self-explanatory!
很多用詞本身就是一種顏色！
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| 圖片來源：https://www.dogingtonpost.com/black-dog-syndrome-dont-judge/ |
棕色：「棕色」的範圍，涵括亮紅棕色到深栗色、以及這二種顏色之間的各種棕色色調！
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| 黃金獵犬 圖片來源：http://hqtiger.mobi/brown-dog-hd-pictures/ |
● Chocolate: Think chocolate Labrador! Chocolate is a rich, luxurious mid brown shade that is one of the most commonly seen Labrador Retriever coat colours.
巧克力色(咖啡色)：想想巧克力拉布拉多的樣子就知道了！巧克力色是一種層次豐富、醇厚華麗的棕色中間值，也是最常見的拉布拉多毛色之一。
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| 巧克力拉布拉多 圖片來源：http://pixshark.com/chocolate-labrador-puppies-wallpaper.htm |
● Red: Red can come in shades from a bright auburn or flame colour, right the way through rust, red-gold, cherry, chestnut or red mahogany.
紅色：紅色的色調，從亮赭色或火紅色開始，一路涵蓋紅鏽色、紅金色、櫻桃紅、栗色、或紅褐色。
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| 電影《紅犬歷險記》主角，澳洲卡爾比犬(Australian Kelpie) 圖片來源：https://fanart.tv/movie/66125/red-dog/ |
● Ruby: Ruby is a rich, bright and opaque red colour, generally used to describe one of the four permitted colour variants of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
紅寶石色(深紅色)：紅寶石色的特點是層次豐富、明亮、不透明，經常用以形容查理斯王騎士犬的四種主要顏色之一。
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| 查理斯王騎士犬 圖片來源：http://www.i-love-cavaliers.com/Colors_Coats.html |
● Yellow: Anything from a pale cream colour through to a deep goldish-yellow.
黃色：包括從淡奶油色到深金黃色之間的所有黃色色調。
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| 德國牧羊犬 圖片來源：http://thedogwallpaper.com/german-shepherd-police-dog-pictures |
● Gold: A bright, reflective colour ranging from a bright apricot to a rich red-tinged yellow. Most recognisable on the Golden Retriever!
金色：光輝明亮，閃閃動人，從亮杏黃色到微帶紅色的黃色，都屬於金色。瞧瞧黃金獵犬便能明白！
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| 拉布拉多 圖片來源：http://www.free-pet-wallpapers.com/Free-pet-wallpapers/Dog/Break-time-yellow-labrador-dog.html |
● Grey: Almost fifty shades! Grey can range from a pale, almost white colour to a deep, dark steel grey that appears almost black. Grey can also involve a flecked pattern of black and white, which upon closer inspection is clearly composed of mixed colours.
灰色：灰色還真的快要有50道陰影了！無論是將近全白的灰白色，或是深暗如全黑的鐵灰色，以及二者中間的灰色色調，皆納入灰色的範圍。灰色還包括一種黑白雜點的毛色，但其實仔細看的話，這種毛色之中混合了不同顏色。
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| 威瑪犬(Weimaraner) 圖片來源：http://thedogwallpaper.com/weimaraner-puppies-adoption |
● Blue: Blue is the term for a very specific shade of grey that is almost metallic in appearance, and comes about due to the dilution of the black colour pigment.
藍色：藍色用來稱呼一種非常特別的灰色色調，外觀呈現金屬色澤，由於黑色的混入而造成。
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| 德州州犬：拉齊狗(Blue Lacy) 圖片來源：https://www.pinterest.com/pin/346425396310198077/ |
● Sable: Sable refers to a coat where the tips of the hair are black, but the colour along the rest of the hairs is grey, tan, gold or silver.
貂色：貂色代表的是狗毛只有前端是黑色，但前端以外的其他狗毛部份，則是灰色、棕褐色、金色、或銀色。
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| 德國牧羊犬 圖片來源：https://www.pinterest.com/sashroxx/german-shepards/ |
● White: White dogs are distinct from albino dogs, as the eye colour is blue, amber, brown or any other normal colour other than red/pink. The skin of white dogs can be either pink or grey.
白色：白狗不是白化症的狗，白狗的眼睛仍然是藍色、琥珀色、棕色、或其他正常顏色，但白化症的狗眼睛是紅色或粉紅色。白狗的皮膚可能是粉紅色或灰色。
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| 薩摩耶犬 圖片來源：http://www.freeanimalspictures.com/Free-Animals-Pictures/samoyed-pictures.html |
● Albino: Albino is a white coat colour that comes accompanied with the other traits for albinism, such as pink/red eyes, and lack of pigment.
白化症：白化症的狗，除了毛色是白色以外，還伴隨著其他白化症現象，例如紅色或粉紅色的眼睛，以及缺乏色素沈澱。
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| 圖片來源：http://imgarcade.com/1/albino-dog-red-eyes/ |
● Buff: Buff is a pale yellow or dirty-looking cream colour with hints of yellow in it.
牛皮色(淺黃色)：可稱之為淺黃色，或帶有黃色的污濁奶油色。
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| 可卡 圖片來源：http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-american-cocker-spaniel-puppy-sitting-staring-months-old-isolated-white-image30819477 |
● Self coloured: Self coloured is the term used to refer to a coat of any colour that is all the one colour without any patterning or mixture of colours such as outlined below.
單色：單色此詞，用以形容狗狗身上無斑紋、無雜色的任何單一毛色。
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| 圖片來源：http://wallpaperswide.com/black_dog-wallpapers.html |
Coat colour combinations
混合毛色
When more than one colour is mixed within the coat of the dog, there are usually specific terms to refer to the subsequent colour mix!
只要狗狗的毛色超過一種顏色，就常會出現專有名詞來形容混合毛色！
● Bicolour: A bicolour coat consists of a mixture of two colours in clearly delineated patches.
雙色：雙色由二種顏色組合而成，狗狗身上的斑塊可明顯辨識出二種顏色。
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| 圖片來源：http://hdscreen.me/wallpaper/2826933-Inu-dogs-domestic-dog |
● Particolour: A particolour coat consists of two colours where the two colours are present in roughly equal amounts and with an even distribution.
花色：花色有二種顏色，二種顏色所占毛色幾乎數量相當，且分佈平均。
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| 科克爾犬(Kooikerhondje) 圖片來源：http://www.dogwallpapers.net/kooikerhondje/beautiful-kooikerhondje-dog-photo.html |
● Tricolour: Tricolour dogs are dogs that have three distinct colours present in the coat, again in clearly delineated patches.
三色：狗狗有三種不同顏色，亦可從狗狗身上的斑塊明顯辨識出三種顏色。
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| 伯恩山犬(Bernese Mountain dog) 圖片來源：http://7-themes.com/6877467-bernese-mountain-dog.html |
● Brindle: Brindle colour is a mixture of black with either gold, tan or brown, which can either be present in a tiger pattern where the black element makes up lines, or a grizzled pattern where the pattern is a mixture. Around a third of Boxer dogs are brindle coloured.
虎斑：虎斑是黑色與金色、棕褐色、或棕色的混合。有時虎斑明顯呈現，毛色中的黑色部份，造成條紋的視覺效果；有時斑紋則較不明顯，混入整體毛色之中。約有三分之一的拳師犬為虎斑毛色。
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| 拳師犬 圖片來源：http://animalspicwallpaper.com/fully-grown-brindle-boxer-dog-wallpaper-download-free/ |
● Roan: Roan is a pattern comprised of a “ticking” effect in the fur of the coat, where a base colour is liberally interspersed with hairs of another pattern. From a couple of feet away, the mixture of hairs will appear to blend to make the coat look like it is all one colour.
雜色：雜色這種樣式，像是狗狗身上被蓋了許多記號，意思是基本毛色之中四處散雜著另一種毛色樣式。從幾公尺以外看過去，原本混雜的毛色看起來融合在一起，彷彿變成單色。
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| 圖片來源：http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-205643416/stock-photo-portrait-of-black-roan-dog-on-a-green-grass-lawn.html |
● Harlequin: A harlequin pattern consists of black or brown patches on a white base, with the edges of the black not as clearly delineated as they would be in a bicolour coat pattern. The Dalmatian dog is the most well known example of a harlequin patterned dog.
小丑色：此種毛色以白色為基底，上方有黑色或棕色的色塊，但色塊邊緣並不像雙色毛色那般可明顯辨識。大麥町是小丑色毛色最具代表性的犬種。
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| 大麥町 圖片來源：http://7-themes.com/6849910-dalmatian.html |
● Merle: A merle coat is made up of a marbled pattern with darker patches and spots of colour blending into the second colour present.
大理石色：毛色具有大理石般的紋樣，其中顏色較深的色塊與斑點，融入第二層毛色。
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| 邊境牧羊犬 圖片來源：http://www.fanpop.com/clubs/dogs/images/12892924/title/blue-merle-border-collie-wallpaper |
● Tuxedo: The tuxedo pattern is mainly self explanatory, and consists of a dark main coat colour (usually black) with a solid patch of white across the chest, giving the dog the effect of wearing a tuxedo! There may also be white present on the feet.
男士晚禮服：晚禮服此種毛色，顧名思義，以深色為主要毛色(常為黑色)，胸前帶有一抹白色色塊，使得狗狗就像身穿男士晚禮服！狗狗的腳上也可能出現白色。
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| 圖片來源：https://mitchellsplain.wordpress.com/category/missing-lost-found/page/2/ |
● Inverted tuxedo: The inverted tuxedo pattern is when the main coat is a light colour, with a “tuxedo” patch of darker hair on the chest, and possibly the feet.
反向晚禮服：主要毛色為淺色，而胸前「晚禮服」的部份則是深色色塊，腳部亦可能為深色。
● Blenheim: Blenheim pattern is a red and white bicolour mixture, as seen on some Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs.
布倫海姆：專指紅白雙色的毛色，是查理斯王騎士犬的常見毛色之一。
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| 查理斯王騎士犬 圖片來源：http://hdwallpapersfactory.com/fun/dogs-canine-spaniel-king-charles-cavalier-dog-sweet-desktop-hd-wallpaper-921769/ |
【註1】During the early part of the 18th century, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, kept red and white King Charles type spaniels for hunting. The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. Because of this influence, the red and white variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.
18世紀初，英國第一代馬爾博羅公爵，約翰．丘吉爾(John Churchill)，飼養紅白相間的查理斯王小獵犬作為狩獵之用，公爵曾記錄這些犬隻可追上奔馳的馬匹。他的莊園命名為布倫海姆，以紀念其於布倫海姆戰役中的偉大勝利，連帶使得紅白相間毛色的查理斯王小獵犬及改良品種查理斯王騎士犬，皆以「布倫海姆」為毛色之名。
資料來源：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier_King_Charles_Spaniel#History
【註2】「騎士」的由來：一名美國繁殖家培育出長面及平坦頭形的玩具獵犬，為了區分牠們，於是將鼻吻較長的在犬名前加上「騎士」，並在1996年獲得美國狗會正式接受牠們註冊。
資料來源：http://mypet.popart.hk/newver/newsinfo.php?pid=1722&title=騎士查理王小獵犬%20Cavalier%20King%20Charles%20Spaniel
● Domino: The domino pattern is exclusive to the Afghan Hound, and exhibits a specific mottling of the face and body colour.
多米諾遊戲棋：此種毛色專用以形容阿富汗獵犬，在其臉部及軀幹具有特殊的雜駁參差毛色。
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| 阿富汗獵犬 圖片來源：https://www.pinterest.com/bigbarkerusa/the-king-of-dogs-afghan-hound/ |
【註1】Grizzle (also called domino) is a pattern of dark pigment (eumelanin) on the dorsal surface of the head, body and tops of the legs; light pigment (pheomelanin) is present on the lower legs, undersides and up the face around the eyes. The distinctive face pattern is often referred to as a widow’s peak. This variant has only been seen in Afghan and Saluki hounds.
雜駁毛色(或稱多米諾遊戲棋)樣式，狗狗頭部的側背面、軀幹、及腳部頂端為深色色素(真黑色素)；腳部底端、軀幹下側、臉部眼睛周圍，則是淺色色素(假黑色素，或稱褐黑素)。此種獨特樣式經常戲稱為美人尖。多米諾遊戲棋樣式僅見於薩路基獵犬與阿富汗獵犬。
資料來源：https://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/dog/mc1r.php
【註2】「多米諾遊戲棋」的由來：多米諾骨牌遊戲所使用的白底黑點或黑底白點小方塊。
資料來源：http://idognames.com/Name-2956-Domino.aspx