【翻譯練習】不要餵狗吃骨頭
Don't Give a Dog a Bone
日期：02/11/2013 03:22 pm ET | Updated Apr 13, 2013
作者：Donna Solomon, DVM
來源：http://www.huffingtonpost.com/donna-solomon-dvm/dog-dental-health_b_2633885.html
Frequently, while shopping for my dog's food, I often overhear shopkeepers tell pet owners that dogs in the wild eat bones and therefore, it is not only necessary but also essential to give them to our pets. I cringe every time I hear this false myth. So below is my grand attempt at trying to set these salespeople straight and give pet owners valuable advice. My hope is that this new knowledge will save another dog or two from the misery of ill health due to the ingestion of bones and save pet owners hundreds of dollars in veterinary dental bills.
我到寵物店給狗狗買飼料時，經常無意中聽到老闆對飼主說，野生的犬類是有吃骨頭的，因此我們不但需要、也有必要餵我們養的狗狗吃骨頭。每次聽到這種謬論，我總不自覺打了個寒顫，所以我要透過底下的文章，盡全力來糾正寵物店店員的觀念，並為飼主提供寶貴的建議。希望這番新知有機會拯救一兩隻狗不再受到因消化骨頭而導致的身體不適之苦，也希望拯救飼主的荷包，省下幾百美元的獸醫費用。
Feeding your dog bones is an extremely dangerous practice for the following eight reasons:
下列 8 點原因，足以說明餵狗吃骨頭是一種超級危險的行為：
Why do people believe that our domesticated dogs need bones? Is it because they believe that this is the best way to clean their teeth? Chewing on hard objects is not the correct solution to our pet’s dental problems. Today, the professionals know better. Pet’s teeth are just like ours. They need the proper care and attention, which includes brushing and professional veterinary oral care when deemed necessary. Chewing bones may decrease tartar on pet’s teeth, but they also can fracture teeth and cause many problems as previously mentioned above that are simply not worth the risk. Veterinary medicine has advanced throughout the last 20-30 years to the point that dentistry is not a novelty but a part of our pet’s accepted standard of health care.
人們怎麼會覺得家犬需要啃骨頭呢？是因為人們認為啃骨頭是最好的潔牙法嗎？啃咬硬物並不是解決狗狗牙齒問題的適當方式。如今專家對此已有更深入的了解：狗狗的牙齒跟人的牙齒一樣，需要採取正確的口腔護理保健，包括刷牙、以及必要時接受專業的獸醫口腔護理。啃骨頭也許可以減少狗狗的牙垢，不過骨頭可能會造成牙齒斷裂及上述種種健康問題，實在不值得冒此風險來餵狗吃骨頭。近二、三十年內的獸醫學已有長足進步，牙科在獸醫裡已經不是新玩意，而是公認的標準醫療項目之一了。
Why regress in the care of your pet’s teeth by giving your pet a bone when you can execute quality dental care at home by routinely brushing your pet’s teeth with a soft toothbrush and pet approved dental paste. In addition, you can add additives to your pet’s water (like “Healthy Mouth”), offer treats (like “Tartar Shield Soft Rawhide Chews for Dogs”), or diets (like Hill’s T/D) that are designed to reduce tartar in your pet’s mouth. For a more extensive list of tartar and plaque reducing dental products please go to the Veterinary Oral Health Council website.
如果在家就可以替狗狗進行良好的口腔護理，像是用軟毛牙刷和狗狗專用牙膏定期替狗狗刷牙，何必要用餵狗吃骨頭這種退步的作法呢？另外，飼主可以使用有助減少狗狗牙垢的專門產品，例如狗狗飲水中的添加物、點心、或特殊飼料配方。可以到美國獸醫口腔健康委員會 (Veterinary Oral Health Council) 的網站，瀏覽更多可減少牙垢與牙菌斑的產品。
A knucklebone may be natural but it’s not healthy for pets. Don’t fall victim to the glorified concept that what is naturally found in nature is a better solution to your pet’s dental issue. Items found in nature are not always safe. We have progressed so far in veterinary medicine that it would be tragic to turn our backs on progress. If you’re looking for an object for your pet to chew on for entertainment, look at purchasing a safe, indestructible rubber toy (like a “Kong toy”) sold at most pet stores.
關節骨固然是天然食物，卻不是狗狗的健康食物。別誤信「來自大自然的食物更適合用來解決狗狗牙齒問題」這種修飾過的說法。大自然的食物未必安全。獸醫的進展已經如此發達，要是還選擇走回頭路，實在令人搖頭嘆息。飼主若想給狗狗可以啃著玩的物品，可考慮選購安全、耐咬的橡膠玩具，大多數寵物店都有賣。
Wouldn’t it be nice if the answer to solving dental problems were simply chewing on something hard? But it is not! Don’t give a dog a bone. Brush your dog’s teeth and consult with your veterinarian if your dog has bad breath or is experiencing dental pain.
要是光靠啃咬硬物就能解決狗狗牙齒問題，不就太好了嗎？但事實就是不行！不要再餵狗吃骨頭了。發現狗狗有口臭或牙痛，麻煩幫狗狗刷牙並帶狗狗就醫檢查。
Donna Solomon, DVM
Veterinarian, Animal Medical Center of Chicago
Donna Solomon，獸醫博士
芝加哥動物醫學中心獸醫
日期：02/11/2013 03:22 pm ET | Updated Apr 13, 2013
作者：Donna Solomon, DVM
來源：http://www.huffingtonpost.com/donna-solomon-dvm/dog-dental-health_b_2633885.html
Frequently, while shopping for my dog's food, I often overhear shopkeepers tell pet owners that dogs in the wild eat bones and therefore, it is not only necessary but also essential to give them to our pets. I cringe every time I hear this false myth. So below is my grand attempt at trying to set these salespeople straight and give pet owners valuable advice. My hope is that this new knowledge will save another dog or two from the misery of ill health due to the ingestion of bones and save pet owners hundreds of dollars in veterinary dental bills.
我到寵物店給狗狗買飼料時，經常無意中聽到老闆對飼主說，野生的犬類是有吃骨頭的，因此我們不但需要、也有必要餵我們養的狗狗吃骨頭。每次聽到這種謬論，我總不自覺打了個寒顫，所以我要透過底下的文章，盡全力來糾正寵物店店員的觀念，並為飼主提供寶貴的建議。希望這番新知有機會拯救一兩隻狗不再受到因消化骨頭而導致的身體不適之苦，也希望拯救飼主的荷包，省下幾百美元的獸醫費用。
Feeding your dog bones is an extremely dangerous practice for the following eight reasons:
下列 8 點原因，足以說明餵狗吃骨頭是一種超級危險的行為：
- Fractured teeth. Marrow, ham and knucklebones are just a few examples of bones that are too dense for your pet to chew on. Although technically not animal bones, I would like to add elk antlers and the new trendy Himalayan dog bones to this list of dangerous “bones” given to pets. Chewing on dense bones not only can fracture your pet’s teeth but also can wear dental crowns down. Chewing on bones is like chewing on coarse sandpaper. Worn teeth can be highly sensitive to pressure and temperature gradients resulting in a painful pet.
牙齒斷裂：骨髓骨、火腿骨、關節骨是幾種骨質太密而不適合狗狗啃咬的骨頭。我也要把麋鹿角、還有新流行的喜瑪拉雅牌狗狗潔牙骨，列入這份危險的餵狗「骨頭」名單，只不過鹿角和潔牙骨在本質上並不算是動物骨頭罷了。狗狗啃咬質地緻密的骨頭，除了可能造成牙齒斷裂，還會磨損牙冠。啃骨頭就像在啃粗糙的砂紙。磨損的牙齒會對壓力與溫度的變化非常敏感，使得狗狗痛苦不堪。
Earlier this week I was forced to extract two upper fourth premolar teeth on a 2-year-old Labrador retriever after it chewed on a raw knucklebone and fractured them right down the center. Not only was this dog in dental pain prior to the oral surgery but also the loss of these two major teeth will adversely effect how he will eat food in the future. Wild dogs do chew on bones in the prairie — but not the size of a cow bone femur. Wild dogs do fracture their teeth, succumb to illness and die young. Our pets live much longer — 13 to 16 years for many — and they would like to have a healthy mouth. They have been domesticated for over 2,000 years. They are not wild dogs living in Africa. Why is it so hard for people to accept the fact that nature did not provide a foolproof way for keeping a dog’s mouth clean?
這星期初，有隻拉不拉多啃了一塊生的關節骨，結果上排有兩顆第四小臼齒從中斷裂，我不得不幫牠拔掉這兩顆牙。這隻狗來拔牙前就得忍受牙痛，未來牠也會因為失去這兩顆主要的牙齒，而在進食方面承受不良後果。野生犬類在生活的大草原上，確實是會啃骨頭沒錯 ── 但牠們啃的骨頭並沒有像牛大腿骨那麼大。野犬的牙齒也會斷裂，受牙痛之苦，而且野犬壽命較短。人類飼養的家犬壽命長得多，很多狗可以活 13 到 16 年，牠們需要擁有一副健康的口腔。家犬馴化已有 2 千餘年之久，我們養的狗狗不是非洲野生的鬣狗。大自然並沒有替狗狗設計出不管怎麼樣都可以保持口腔潔淨的方法，人們接受這個事實有這麼難嗎？
- Gum or tongue lacerations. The sharp edges of bones, especially chicken, cooked, sawed, and rib bones, can easily cut the tongue and gums of a zealous pet chewing on a bone. These lacerations can be quite serious to your pet requiring a veterinary visit for antibiotics and potential oral surgical care.
牙齦或舌頭撕裂傷：骨頭的尖銳邊緣，尤其是雞骨頭、煮熟的骨頭、切開的骨頭、還有肋骨，都很容易割傷狂啃骨頭的狗狗的舌頭和牙齦。這種撕裂傷有可能嚴重到必須帶狗狗看獸醫塗抗生素，甚至可能需要接受口腔手術。
- Bones can get caught in the mouth or around the jaw. Years ago, my previous golden retriever was frantically running around my back yard with a cow’s mandible caught in her mouth. How she got it I never found out. I imagine a neighbor thought it would be nice to give it to her or maybe a squirrel dragged it into my yard. It took me quite a long time to wrestle it out of her mouth. She was panic-stricken and I was quite frightened to say the least.
卡在嘴裡或下巴：幾年前，我那時養的黃金獵犬，嘴裡卡著一塊牛的下顎骨，在我家後院瘋狂亂衝。我到現在還不知道她怎麼弄到那塊骨頭的。我猜大概是鄰居以為給她那塊骨頭會讓她很開心，也可能是某隻松鼠把那塊骨頭咬來我的後院。我花了好長一段時間才從她嘴裡拉出那塊骨頭。她實在害怕極了，我也可以說是被她嚇壞了。
- Fragments of bones or small bones can get caught in the trachea or esophagus. I can’t tell you how many clients have called us through out the years screaming that their dog is choking on a bone. This can be extremely dangerous and potentially fatal. These pets need immediate medical attention. Depending on the temperament of the dog and the position of the bone in the dog, I may instruct the client to try to open the mouth and try to grab it. If the bone has been swallowed I may instruct the pet owner to do a modified Heimlich procedure on their pet by repeatedly squeezing their pet’s belly just behind the last ribs. Another method for retrieving a swallowed bone would be lifting the dog’s back legs up and hanging the dog upside down while repeatedly squeezing the abdomen. Unfortunately, in many cases the pet needs to be sedated and the bone is retrieved either surgically or by inserting an instrument, called an endoscope, down your pet’s esophagus to try to grasp it and pull it out.
骨頭碎片或小塊骨頭可能卡在食道或氣管：這幾年來遇到過好多好多個飼主打電話來，在電話裡大喊著他們的狗狗被骨頭噎住了。這種情況十分危險，甚至有致命之虞。此時必須立刻以醫療方式處理。我會先斟酌狗狗的個性，並了解骨頭在狗狗的哪個部位噎住，再指示飼主試著打開狗的嘴巴並取出骨頭。假如狗狗把骨頭吞下去，我會指示飼主對狗狗施行改良式的哈姆立克法，反覆擠壓狗狗最後一排肋骨後方的腹部位置；也可以舉起狗狗後腿，讓狗狗倒吊著，並反覆擠壓狗狗腹部，這種作法也可讓狗狗吐出已吞入的骨頭。遺憾的是，很多情況裡狗狗必須打麻醉，再經手術取出骨頭，或者用內視鏡伸入食道夾住並拉出骨頭。
- Bones caught in the stomach or small intestine. Sure small fragments may travel down the esophagus, but they can get lodged in the stomach or small intestine. These pets will present with a history of happily eating a bone and then, vomiting immediately or just a few hours after eating their next meal. These trapped bones can be extremely painful to your pet and may require surgical intervention or endoscopy to retrieve the lodged bone.
卡在胃部或小腸：小塊骨頭碎片當然有機會通過狗狗的食道，但可能卡在胃部或小腸。發生這種狀況的狗狗，往往是開開心心地啃了骨頭，接下來馬上嘔吐，或是在吃了下一餐的幾小時後嘔吐。卡在胃部或小腸的骨頭會造成狗狗嚴重疼痛，並可能需要透過手術或內視鏡才能取出。
- Bones can cause diarrhea. Bones are not digestible in dogs. Ingested bone fragments can be very grating as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and can cause diarrhea with or without blood. Just the other day I accidentally discovered one of my clients was feeding their little Yorkshire terrier, Lucy, dehydrated duck feet while I was doing a rectal examination. In Lucy’s feces was a partially digested duck foot encased in mucous. The owners had given Lucy this treat after being told by a boutique pet storeowner that it would be good for her teeth. However, the storeowner did not tell them that if she ingested it, it could cause inappetance and diarrhea — which symptoms Lucy had been suffering from for the last 24 hours.
拉肚子：狗狗沒辦法消化骨頭。狗狗吞下的骨頭碎片在通過消化道的時候，會讓狗狗感到很不舒服，並可能導致狗狗發生帶血或不帶血的拉肚子症狀。某天我在為一隻名叫 Lucy 的小約克夏進行直腸檢查時，發現到飼主餵她吃脫水鴨掌。Lucy 的排泄物裡，有一塊被黏液包住的鴨掌，只被消化了一部份。飼主是聽一家寵物精品店的店長說鴨掌對狗狗牙齒有益，才餵 Lucy 吃鴨掌的。但店長沒有告訴飼主的是，狗狗吃下鴨掌後，會造成食欲不振和拉肚子，這也是 Lucy 在送醫前一天出現的症狀。
- Bones can tear the lining of the gastrointestinal tract and cause peritonitis. Sharp fragments of bone can tear the lining of the intestine and cause leakage of intestinal contents into the abdomen. The spillage of intestinal contents into the abdomen, called peritonitis, is a life threatening condition that needs immediate and aggressive surgical and medical attention. Pets with peritonitis will be extremely painful, febrile and weak.
消化道黏膜割傷，導致腹膜炎：尖銳的骨頭碎片，會割傷腸胃道的黏膜，造成腸內物質滲出至腹部，發生腹膜炎。腹膜炎是足以致死的病症，必須立即送醫接受手術治療。腹膜炎的狗狗會感到劇痛、發熱、而且身體虛弱。
- Bones can cause straining to defecate and bleeding from the rectum. Bone fragments can be very sharp and scrape the lining of the intestine and rectum as it passes through. This is extremely painful to your dog and you may see blood in your pet’s stool and witness your pet unsuccessfully trying to defecate. Please see your veterinarian if your pet is straining to defecate or/and is bleeding from the rectum.
排便用力與直腸出血：骨頭碎片可能非常尖銳，會在通過腸子與直腸時刮傷腸道黏膜。此時狗狗會感到劇烈疼痛，飼主可能會看到狗便裡有血，並注意到狗狗排便不順。狗狗排便用力且直腸出血時，請帶狗狗就醫檢查。
Why do people believe that our domesticated dogs need bones? Is it because they believe that this is the best way to clean their teeth? Chewing on hard objects is not the correct solution to our pet’s dental problems. Today, the professionals know better. Pet’s teeth are just like ours. They need the proper care and attention, which includes brushing and professional veterinary oral care when deemed necessary. Chewing bones may decrease tartar on pet’s teeth, but they also can fracture teeth and cause many problems as previously mentioned above that are simply not worth the risk. Veterinary medicine has advanced throughout the last 20-30 years to the point that dentistry is not a novelty but a part of our pet’s accepted standard of health care.
人們怎麼會覺得家犬需要啃骨頭呢？是因為人們認為啃骨頭是最好的潔牙法嗎？啃咬硬物並不是解決狗狗牙齒問題的適當方式。如今專家對此已有更深入的了解：狗狗的牙齒跟人的牙齒一樣，需要採取正確的口腔護理保健，包括刷牙、以及必要時接受專業的獸醫口腔護理。啃骨頭也許可以減少狗狗的牙垢，不過骨頭可能會造成牙齒斷裂及上述種種健康問題，實在不值得冒此風險來餵狗吃骨頭。近二、三十年內的獸醫學已有長足進步，牙科在獸醫裡已經不是新玩意，而是公認的標準醫療項目之一了。
Why regress in the care of your pet’s teeth by giving your pet a bone when you can execute quality dental care at home by routinely brushing your pet’s teeth with a soft toothbrush and pet approved dental paste. In addition, you can add additives to your pet’s water (like “Healthy Mouth”), offer treats (like “Tartar Shield Soft Rawhide Chews for Dogs”), or diets (like Hill’s T/D) that are designed to reduce tartar in your pet’s mouth. For a more extensive list of tartar and plaque reducing dental products please go to the Veterinary Oral Health Council website.
如果在家就可以替狗狗進行良好的口腔護理，像是用軟毛牙刷和狗狗專用牙膏定期替狗狗刷牙，何必要用餵狗吃骨頭這種退步的作法呢？另外，飼主可以使用有助減少狗狗牙垢的專門產品，例如狗狗飲水中的添加物、點心、或特殊飼料配方。可以到美國獸醫口腔健康委員會 (Veterinary Oral Health Council) 的網站，瀏覽更多可減少牙垢與牙菌斑的產品。
A knucklebone may be natural but it’s not healthy for pets. Don’t fall victim to the glorified concept that what is naturally found in nature is a better solution to your pet’s dental issue. Items found in nature are not always safe. We have progressed so far in veterinary medicine that it would be tragic to turn our backs on progress. If you’re looking for an object for your pet to chew on for entertainment, look at purchasing a safe, indestructible rubber toy (like a “Kong toy”) sold at most pet stores.
關節骨固然是天然食物，卻不是狗狗的健康食物。別誤信「來自大自然的食物更適合用來解決狗狗牙齒問題」這種修飾過的說法。大自然的食物未必安全。獸醫的進展已經如此發達，要是還選擇走回頭路，實在令人搖頭嘆息。飼主若想給狗狗可以啃著玩的物品，可考慮選購安全、耐咬的橡膠玩具，大多數寵物店都有賣。
Wouldn’t it be nice if the answer to solving dental problems were simply chewing on something hard? But it is not! Don’t give a dog a bone. Brush your dog’s teeth and consult with your veterinarian if your dog has bad breath or is experiencing dental pain.
要是光靠啃咬硬物就能解決狗狗牙齒問題，不就太好了嗎？但事實就是不行！不要再餵狗吃骨頭了。發現狗狗有口臭或牙痛，麻煩幫狗狗刷牙並帶狗狗就醫檢查。
Donna Solomon, DVM
Veterinarian, Animal Medical Center of Chicago
Donna Solomon，獸醫博士
芝加哥動物醫學中心獸醫
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